The cities of northern Ontario are strung out along the railway lines to which most of them owe their origin. Marie is a steel producer; and Thunder Bay is a major transshipment port. There are also reserves in Ontario, held by First Nations.
In , there were , registered Indians living in Ontario, 44 per cent of whom lived on reserves. There are also a handful of First Nations in Ontario who, for a variety of reasons, do not have reserve land. See also Reserves in Ontario. It expanded with the arrival of the settlers and, until the latter part of the 19th century, remained predominantly rural and agriculture-based.
The discovery and growth of hydroelectric power , combined with an export boom at the turn of the 20th century, stimulated industrial expansion and the growth of large and small cities. In terms of farm cash receipts i.
Most farming is done in the south, although clusters of farms on the Canadian Shield serve local dairy markets. Ontario is also the only tobacco -producing region in the country. In terms of beef cattle farms, Ontario ranks third, after Alberta and Saskatchewan. As in other jurisdictions, Ontario farmers are accustomed to selling their products through marketing boards that were established as far back as the s.
These boards do not command universal support, even among farmers, but are intended to introduce a degree of regularity and predictability into the marketing of agricultural products. In terms of value, Ontario produces more metals and other minerals than any other province or territory. The southern portion of the province is primarily responsible for industrial material production. From the late s to the midth century, mineral discoveries dotted Northern Ontario.
Near the town of Cobalt, a major discovery of high-grade silver was made in Large gold deposits were discovered near the towns of Porcupine and Kirkland Lake from to , Red Lake in and near Hemlo in In , one of the largest uranium deposits in the world was found at Elliot Lake.
A major copper, zinc and silver deposit was discovered near Timmins in Limestone, sand and gravel are available in many parts of Southern Ontario as a result of glacial deposits. The vast majority of electricity in Ontario is transmitted by Hydro One. For example, in Toronto , local distribution is provided by Toronto Hydro. The province is home to three nuclear power plants.
Bruce Power, located just north of Tiverton on the shores of Lake Huron , is one of the largest nuclear power plants in the world. The Pickering and Darlington nuclear stations are located east of Toronto on the shores of Lake Ontario.
Natural gas and hydroelectric stations are scattered throughout the province; the largest natural gas station, the St. The company was a crown corporation until the provincial government, under the leadership of Kathleen Wynne , began the controversial process of privatizing the firm. By the end of November , Hydro One had completed its first initial public offering. The government plans to retain 40 per cent of Hydro One shares while the remainder will be held by other investors.
Between and , Ontario shut down all of its coal-fired power plants, replacing them with a combination of renewable, natural gas and nuclear energy sources. As a result of this shift, greenhouse gas emissions produced by the electricity sector dropped 80 per cent during the same time period. There are roughly 71 million hectares of forested land in Ontario, amounting to about two-thirds of the province.
Ninety per cent of these lands are owned by the Crown. Ontario is home to the largest freshwater fishery in North America. Lawrence River. Commonly caught fish include yellow perch , walleye , lake whitefish , white bass and rainbow smelt.
Ontario is the leading manufacturing province in Canada. This situation was well-established at the time of Confederation, as the desire was to place industry in a province favoured by ample transportation, abundant natural resources and accessibility to export markets in the United States. Historically, proximity to the American automotive industry encouraged the location of manufacturing plants in Ontario.
The establishment of Ford, General Motors and Chrysler plants spawned a series of related industries dotted all across Southern Ontario. Between and , there was a 25 per cent decrease in manufacturing jobs in Ontario, or , jobs lost. The decline was in large part due to a strong Canadian dollar in the early s, in turn tied to the high price of oil at the time. A strong dollar meant companies had higher labour costs, prompting many to close or move their businesses elsewhere.
The financial crisis only added to the challenges faced by manufacturing firms. For example, in , unemployment in Ontario was 6. By industry, the largest number of Ontarians are employed in the retail and wholesale trade, followed by health care and social assistance, manufacturing, professional services, and financial and real estate industries. According to the Elections Act , provincial elections are to be held on the first Thursday of June, every four years.
Sometimes, should the party in power see it as advantageous, an election may be called before this date. Elections may also occur before four years have passed in cases where the government no longer has the confidence of the Legislative Assembly see Minority Government.
As with the other provinces, Ontario uses a first past the post electoral system, meaning the candidate with the most votes in each electoral district wins. Typically, the party with the most seats forms the government, and the leader of this party becomes premier. However, a party with fewer seats may also form a coalition with members of another party or parties in order to form the government.
The premier typically appoints members of the Cabinet from among the MPPs also belonging to the party in power. Cabinet members are referred to as ministers and oversee specific portfolios. Typical portfolios include finance, health and education. See also Politics in Ontario. Most medical services in Canada are free. Money from taxes is pooled together to fund a health care system often referred to as medicare.
While the federal government sets guidelines, each province and territory is responsible for administering its own health care insurance plan; funding for the plan comes from both governments. As with other provinces and territories, certain services in Ontario are not covered by the provincial health insurance plan.
These include going to the dentist, prescription drugs and routine eye exams for those between the ages of 20 and In Ontario, the government department responsible for administering the health care system is the Ministry of Health and Long-Term Care. See also Health Policy. Within both of these systems are French-language school boards or French-language sections.
Each system is run by boards elected by members of the public. Since , Ontario has provided public funds to support education in Roman Catholic separate schools to the end of grade Southern Ontario provides fertile ground for the effective production of small grains and fruit farming, especially close to the beautiful Niagara Peninsula. Ontario has the most diverse culture in Canada, with most of the population in the province being of English and European descent. As a diverse province, there are many places of worship for all faiths.
Ontario offers quality, government-funded education to its residents from Kindergarten until the end of their secondary school career. The province has top-rated universities including the University of Toronto which is ranked 18 th in the world. The province offers outstanding outdoor recreational opportunities such as fishing, hiking, hunting, skiing, and more. Six facilities 4 fuel refineries, a petro-chemical facility, and a lubes plant produced With the exception of transportation, natural gas is the major fuel used by all sectors of the economy, including residential, commercial and industrial heating.
Together, these stations are capable of generating approximately 35, megawatts of electricity. Ontario now has more than 1, wind turbines with a capacity of more than 2, megawatts, making Ontario the Canadian leader in wind power.
With a population of more than Catharines and Niagara Falls. With more than 9 million people, this area is one of the fastest growing areas in North America. The wider region spreads inland in all directions away from the Lake Ontario shoreline, southwest to Brantford, west to the Kitchener-Waterloo area, north to Barrie and northeast to Peterborough. In eastern Ontario, Ottawa and Kingston are the predominant cities.
Marie, North Bay, Timmins and Kenora. English is Ontario's official language, though there are several French-speaking communities across the province. Government services are provided in English and French in many designated regions across the province. Ontario's population growth has depended on immigration ever since the American Revolution sent Loyalists north to Canada.
Toronto has been called the most multicultural city in the world, where more than languages and dialects are spoken.
The median age for Ontarians is about 40 years. There are about 5 million households in Ontario and the life expectancy is about 79 years for men and 84 years for women. Toronto has the largest variety of theatres and performing arts companies in Ontario, and the second largest in North America after New York. Dozens more fine theatres operate throughout the province.
Within Canada, Ontario is the leading province for film and television production, book and magazine publishing, and sound recording. The Toronto International Film Festival, one of the largest and most influential film festivals in the world, is an annual event. As well, Ontario is an internationally recognized hub for the interactive digital media industry producing various cutting-edge digital products and services. Most Ontario cities and towns have carefully preserved historic buildings.
You can see accurately rebuilt forts and pioneer villages around the province, including Upper Canada Village in Morrisburg and Fort Wellington in Prescott. Some towns, like Niagara-on-the-Lake and Elora, make a special effort to preserve the flavour of the past. Touring Ontario is easy by highway, boat or rail.
You can visit attractions throughout the province, from country fairs and museums to zoos, floral gardens, theme parks and special events.
Summer and winter, Ontario's beautiful natural settings are home to all kinds of activities. Summertime brings swimming, boating, baseball, hiking, camping, fishing and tennis. Popular winter activities in Ontario include skating, skiing, tobogganing, curling and hockey. Lawrence Parks Commission and many provincial parks. Skip to main content. About Ontario. Key facts Ontario is a study in contrasts. Manufacturing Ontario is part of the North American manufacturing heartland.
Services industry Although Ontario is a manufacturing powerhouse, the services sector is the largest part of Ontario's economy.
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