Can toxic shock syndrome be prevented? Since reinfection is common, menstruating girls and women should avoid using tampons if they have had TSS. Prompt and thorough wound care is crucial in avoiding TSS. Minimal usage of vaginal foreign body items, such as diaphragms, tampons, and sponges can also help prevent TSS. When should I call my health care provider?
Key Points about Toxic Shock Syndrome Toxic shock syndrome describes a cluster of symptoms that involve many systems of the body. It can be caused by Staphylococcus aureus , Streptococcus pyogenes , or Clostridium sordellii.
Early symptoms are similar to other infections but can progress quickly to become life-threatening. TSS can be life-threatening and requires immediate medical attention. Next Steps Tips to help you get the most from a visit to your health care provider: Before your visit, write down questions you want answered.
Bring someone with you to help you ask questions and remember what your provider tells you. At the visit, write down the names of new medicines, treatments, or tests, and any new instructions your provider gives you.
If you have a follow-up appointment, write down the date, time, and purpose for that visit. Know how you can contact your provider if you have questions. If you use tampons, read the labels and use the lowest absorbency tampon you can. Change tampons frequently, at least every four to eight hours. Alternate using tampons and sanitary napkins, and use minipads when your flow is light. Toxic shock syndrome can recur. People who've had it once can get it again.
If you've had toxic shock syndrome or a prior serious staph or strep infection, don't use tampons. Mayo Clinic does not endorse companies or products. Advertising revenue supports our not-for-profit mission. This content does not have an English version. This content does not have an Arabic version.
Inform them that you were using a tampon when the symptoms started. TSS cannot be treated at home. Hospital care is required for treating a staph infection and related complications caused by TSS, such as shock. You will be given antibiotics to kill the bacteria and stop further release of toxins. If the source of infection involves a tampon, diaphragm or contraceptive sponge, it should be removed as soon as possible.
TSS from a staph infection can affect anyone; however, some people are at greater risk of TSS than others. Women who use tampons, menstrual cups, diaphragms, cervical caps or contraceptive sponges can prevent TSS by:. Skip to main content. Last Updated:. April TSS and risks of tampon use It is the toxin made by the bacteria that causes TSS, rather than the actual presence of the bacteria. Staphylococcus aureus is a common type of bacterium that lives on the skin and inside the nose.
In most cases it is harmless, but it can cause a wide range of infections if it enters the bloodstream. For TSS to occur, these particular types of bacteria must first over-grow and make large amounts of the TSS toxin, which then enters the bloodstream. Tampons can increase the risk of TSS in two ways, including: Tampons especially super-absorbent varieties that are left in the vagina for a long time may encourage the bacteria to grow.
Tampons can stick to the vaginal walls, especially when blood flow is light, causing tiny abrasions when they are removed. Treatment for toxic shock syndrome If you think you could have toxic shock syndrome, stop using tampons immediately and go to the emergency department of your nearest hospital.
Treatment for TSS includes: a stay in hospital medication antibiotics to kill the infection fluids given through a drip intravenously to increase blood pressure and treat dehydration medical treatment for any complications, such as kidney failure. Reducing the risk of toxic shock syndrome Given the number of women worldwide who regularly use tampons, TSS is a very rare condition. Suggestions to reduce the risk include: Change tampons regularly at least every four hours.
Avoid using super-absorbent tampons. Only unwrap the tampon if you are going to use it immediately. Do not handle the tampon more than you need to. Wash your hands thoroughly before and after inserting the tampon. Be gentle when inserting and removing tampons.
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